Kajian potensi tanah liat, zeolit dan karbon teraktif sebagai penjerap komposit untuk merawat larut resapan

Larut resap domestik mengandungi kepekatan bahancemar NH3-N dan COD yang sangat tinggi. Kajian ini menggunakan campuran bahan penjerap semulajadi terdiri daripada tanah liat, zeolit dan karbon teraktif bagi menjerap bahancemar tersebut. Ujian pencirian penjerap komposit telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendarkilau sinar-x (XRF), mikroskop imbasan elektron (SEM), luas permukaan Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), titratan Boehm, pH di caj titik sifar (pHzpc) kelajuan goncangan, masa sentuhan, saiz partikel dan dos penjerap. Kelajuan goncangan adalah pada 200 rpm, masa sentuhan 120 minit, pH 7 dan saiz partikel 2.36-3.35 mm. Sementara ujian nisbah optimum dijalankan melalui penjerapan kelompok. Keputusan analisa kajian mendapati, tanah liat dan zeolit bleh dikategorikan sebagai penjerap hidrofilik dan karbon teraktif pula penjerap hidrofobik dengan nisbah optimum pada nisbah 5:3 sesuai dengan tingkah laku penjerapan NH3-N dan COD ke atas penjerap. Keputusan ujian XRF komposit penjerap menunjukkan kehadiran kalsium oksida dan silika oksida yang tinggi sebagai sebatian utama. Ujian SEM pula menunjukkan penjerap komposit mempunyai permukaan liang yang heterogen dan kasar. Kajian perbandingan menunjukkan kapasiti penjerapan penjerap komposit terhadap NH3-N dan COD adalah lebih baik daripada zeolit dan karbon teraktif. Kajian kinetik penjerapan mendapati penjerap komposit mengikut hampir kesemua model yang dikaji namun model pseudo-tertib kedua adalah paling dominan untuk keseluruhan paramete

Pengolahan kandungan logam berat daripada tanah yang diaplikasi dengan enapcemar domestik melalui kaedah tanah pertanian

Kehadiran logam berat di dalam enapcemar domestik menyukarkan proses rawatan dan pelupusan bahan tersebut. Salah satu kaedah yang berkesan ialah melalui pengaplikasian bahan tersebut kepada tanah pertanian. Kaedah ini dipilih berdasarkan kandungan enapcemar yang mempunyai unsur nutrien yang diperlukan untuk tumbesaran tumbuhan, selain menggalakkan proses kitar semula bahan terbuang disamping kos pengendalian yang rendah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat di dalam enapcemar domestik dan mengolahnya melalui kaedah tanah pertanian. Kajian ditumpukan kepada enapcemar domestik daripada empat (4) jenis loji rawatan iaitu enapcemar teraktif, kolam pengoksidaan, lagun berudara dan tangki septik. Enapcemar diaplikasikan kepada tanah pertanian pada kadar 0 tlm2, 2 tlm2, 4 tlm2, 6 tlm2, 8 tlm2 dan 10 tlm2 secara semburan permukaan kepada sel aplikasi yang berkeluasan 0.091 m2 • Sel-sel ditanam dengan tigajenis tanaman secara berasingan iaitu kangkung (ipomoea aquatica), bayam (spinacea oleracea) dan sawi (brassicajuncea) dan ditempatkan di kawasan yang terbuka dengan dilindungi oleh bumbung telus cahaya supaya menyamai persekitaran semulajadi dan membenarkan kawalan kelembapan tanah dilakukan pada 60 peratus. Analisis penyerapan logam berat oleh tumbuhan kajian dilakukan terhadap tiga keratan rentas iaitu bahagian akar, batang dan daun tumbuhan. AnaIisis yang dilakukan melalui peralatan Plasma Gandingan Aruhan - Spektrometer Jisim, (ICPMS) mendapati enapcemar domestik mengandungi logam aluminium (AI), kadmium (Cd), kromium (Cr), kuprum (Cu), ferum (Fe), plumbum (Pb), nikel (Ni), mangan (Mn), dan zink (Zn). Pengambilan logam oleh tumbuhan kajian pada kadar aplikasi enapcemar yang berbeza menunjukkan wujudnya hubungan di antara parameter tersebut secara polinomiaI. Sementara kajian pemekatan logam pada bahagian tumbuhan mendapati logam lebih cenderung untuk memekat pada bahagian akar berbanding batang dan daun tumbuhan. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini beIjaya menYUkat kandungan logam berat di dalam enapcemar domestik daripada beberapa sumber rawatan dan penggunaan tumbuhan beIjaya mengurangkan kepekatan kandungan logam di dalam enapcemar dan tanah kajian tersebut

Limestone-zeolite biocomposite as potential low-cost adsorbent for landfill leachate remediation

A novel approach for the low-cost bioadsorbent for the removal of leachate pollutants is presented herein. In this study, limestone is combined with zeolite in order to fabricate biocomposite media with different ratios. Results revealed that limestone-zeolite biocomposite adsorbed ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and COD, which could possibly be used for the adsorption of NH3-N and COD efficiently from leachate. The optimum mixing ratio by means was carried out using series of batch experiments for limestone and zeolite to measure the remediation of NH3-N and COD in a stabilized leached. The optimum ratio for limestone and zeolite in the remediation of NH3-N and COD obtained were at 25:15 (82%) and 30:10 (75%), respectively. Indeed, the prepared limestone-zeolite biocomposite is a low-cost and effective adsorbent was potential used to derive the NH3-N and COD for a promising adsorption efficiency from stabilized landfill leachate

Kajian tentang pemilihan bahan penjerap semulajadi untuk menyingkirkan bahan pencemar (COD) daripada air kelabu

Di Taman Universiti, air kelabu disalurkan terus ke longkang tanpa dirawat menyebabkan pencemaran kualiti air. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kebolehjerapan bahan penjerap semula jadi dan untuk menentukan peratus keberkesanan bahan penjerap dalam menyingkirkan permintaan oksigen kimia, COD dalam air kelabu. Kaedah penjerapan menggunakan zeolit, karbon teraktif dan tanah liat dan kaedah reka percubaan, DOE digunakan bagi mendapat nisbah penjerap yang akan digunakan. Peratusan penyingkiran COD adalah 79.41% dan kapasiti penjerapan adalah 0.54 mg/g untuk kaedah penjerapan menggunakan media komposit campuran zeolit, karbon teraktif dan tanah liat merupakan campuran yang terbaik. Penggunaan penjerap komposit yang mengandungi permukaan hidrofilik dan hidrofobik lebih berkesan sebagai penjerap yang berkesan dan dapat mengurangkan serta menyingkirkan COD yang berada dalam air

Micro-peat as a potential low-cost adsorbent material for COD and NH3-N removal

Micro-peat (M-P) was demonstrated in the present study as a potential low cost natural adsorbent for the removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from landfill leachate. A series of batch experiments were carried out under fixed conditions and the influence of mixture ratio was investigated. The characteristics of leachate were then determined. Results indicated that leachate is non-biodegradable with high concentration of COD (2739.06 mg/L), NH3-N (1765.34 mg/L) and BOD5/COD ratio (0.09). The optimum ratio for activated carbon (AC) and M-P in the removal of COD and NH3-N obtained were at 2.5:1.5 (87%) and 1.0:3.0 (65%) respectively. The low-cost natural adsorbent used in the present investigation is an attractive alternative to the conventional adsorbent (AC). Thus, M-P can be appropriated for use in leachate treatment that could be cost-effective due its local availability and adsorption property

Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removal from leachate using moringa and zeolite mixtures

This paper reported the optimization of COD and NH3-N reduction from a stabilised leachate by zeolite (ZE) and moringa oleifera leaf powder (MP) mixture using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). Quadratic polynomial equations were obtained for the removal process. An initial experiment was conducted to establish the optimum mixed ratio between ZE:MP and resulted in a ratio of 24:16. Independent variables investigated in the subsequent optimization experiments include pH ,dosage and contact time. The results revealed that the optimal reduction of COD and NH3-N from landfill leachate was considerable at pH 5.9 , optimal time of 113 minutes and 100gL-1 of adsorbent dosage with desirability value of 0.917. The upper limits for the actual versus predicted reduction were 70.14 against 69.13%  and 86.94 against 86.55 % respectively for COD and NH3-N which defined that the experimental values were relatively close to the predicted values. The study also revealed that ZE:MP mixture has a very high potential for the remediation of COD and NH3-N from a stabilized leachate

Study on the Natural Soil Properties Endau Rompin National Park (PETA) as Compacted Soil Liner for Sanitary Landfill

Abstract: This paper reviews and extends an understanding of a study on potential suitability of the natural soil in Endau Rompin National Park (PETA) as a compacted soil liner for sanitary landfill. Since the demand for landfill system becomes obvious so that concerning construction and operation of landfills are increasing. A number of studies have been conducted for the liner system of landfill. Hence, study is required to choose the suitable type of material as liner barrier for the landfill system in term to achieve optimum long term performance. The sanitary landfill plays an important role in the framework of solid waste disposal. The compacted soil liner is a part of a liner structure for landfill to restrict leachate migration from facility into the environment. So that, if the landfill system is not well manage it will contaminate the soil and ground water, thus presenting a risk to human and environmental health. This study, natural soil will be taken from Endau Rompin National Park (PETA), Johor as soil sample for testing. Natural soil is an economy material as a liner system, and it does not decay easily from time to time. So it is an ideal material as a sanitary landfill liner system. In short, the purpose of this study is to compile and organize available information on the use of laboratory testing, as well as providing some guidance on the use of natural soil as barrier layer of landfill and also it suitability of physical and chemical properties natural soil as barrier layer of landfill. Based on the laboratory testing were conducted, found that soil sample taken form Endau Rompin National Park (PETA) is suitable as compacted soil liner for sanitary landfill. &nbsp

Leachate Treatment Using Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket System

Leachate is one of the major problems to overcome in managing the landfill. Low cost treatment, less maintenance and environmental friendly are considered as the best practices to treat leachate. Without a proper treatment, leachate could give a negative effect to the environment and become a pollutant. This research focused on the effectiveness of Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket on leachate treatment using reactor tank in lab-scale. The effectiveness of this system was evaluated by comparing the percentage of nutrient removal. Moreover, leachate characteristic was conducted to determine the nutrient content. Five (5) main parameters were selected to be monitored which are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP). Experiments were run for 30 days and  the readings were recorded every 3 days. Results show that the capability of UASB in the removal several parameters. This UASB had a greater ability in removal of Total Phosphorus and TSS with 89% and 81% average removal each. COD removal shows encouraging removal graph more than 70%. While BOD, 64% and Total Nitrogen as 50%. Results showed that UASB system was capable to remove major pollutants from landfill leachate

Synergistic effects of Persicaria odorata (Daun Kesom) leaf extracts with standard antibiotics on pathogenic bacteria

Antibacterial activity of different types of P. odorata leaf extracts was evaluated in combination with standard antibiotics. Persicaria. odorata leaves were extracted with n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). Each extract was applied on vancomycin (30μg), erythromycin (15μg) and gentamicin (10μg) discs, respectively. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the synergistic activity of each combination on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis was performed on the active extract. Synergistic effects seen were mainly from the n-hex+antibiotics combinations, mainly on the Gram-positive bacteria (7 additive, 5 antagonistic), with MIC range from 50 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml, as well as Gram-negative bacteria (2 additive, 2 indifferent, 5 antagonistic). In particular, synergism showed by the combination of n-hex+van were all additive against the susceptible bacteria. DCM extract combination showed synergistic effects on three Gram-positive species (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes). Meanwhile, MeOH+antibiotics combination showed significant additive synergistic effects (p<0.05) on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The major compounds of leaves extract were decanal and β-citral. n-Hex extract superiorly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria growth as compared to DCM and MeOH extracts. The additive synergistic property of the n-hex P. odorata extract could be further studied for possible use as an antibacterial agent

Crushing Performances of Axially Compressed Woven Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Cylindrical Composites

This paper presents experimental investigations on the crushing performances of axially compressed woven kenaf fibre reinforced cylindrical composites. Based on the literature survey, there are tremendous amount of work are available on the crushing performances regardless whether the composite contained synthetic or natural fibers. However, lack number of work found in discussing the crushing capability for the composite tubes fabricated using woven kenaf mat reinforced composites. Kenaf fibre in the form of yarn is weaved into a woven mat before it is submerged into a resin bath prior the mats are shaped to form a cylindrical tube. There are two important parameters are used such as number of layers and fiber orientations. The composite tubes are then quasi-statically compressed to obtain the force-displacement curves. Energy absorption capability and other crashworthiness parameters are calculated and discussed in term of number of layers and fiber orientations. According to the results, it is found that both number of layer and fiber orientations played an important role in an elastic region or the first region. On the other hand, in the second stage, it is insignificantly affected the plateau stage where the curves seemed not much different